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The Tankan large manufacturer index of sentiment decreased to minus 4 in December from plus 2 in September, said the Bank of Japan on Thursday.
"The outlook completely hinges on what happens in Europe," said Yoshimasa Maruyama, an economist at Itochu Corp. in Tokyo. "If the debt crisis worsens further and spreads to the U.S., that could spark a recession there too and that would mean a recession for Japan as well."