© Kallum Pickering
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From the growth point of view, Brexit can affect the economy in two ways. In the near term, uncertainty from Brexit and rising inflation from the reduction in Sterling trade since the vote could cause a modest demand-side shock. But that effect has been much smaller than expected. In fact, the economy has outperformed the non-Brexit scenarios. Of course, we do not know how the economy would have performed had the UK not voted to leave. That seems to be an absence of the short-term demand-side shock. I am confident that the UK can continue to enjoy a broad-base expansion over the next couple of years. I see probably 2% real GDP growth this year followed by 1.7% next year.
In the very long run though, Brexit affects the supply side of the economy. Those are things that sustain long-term potential growth: investment and population growth. Brexit affects the UK, in this sense, in two major ways. Firstly, less migration from the EU and from non-EU countries will lead to slow rates of population growth. Secondly, less preferential terms of trade will half productivity effects through competition, which will lead to slower investment through three channels: disruptions in trade, disruptions in investment and less migration from its biggest market - the EU. I expect Brexit to reduce the rate of potential growth from 2.2% to 1.8%, though there is nothing about the absence of the short-term demand-side shock that tells us anything about the long-term supply-side shock.
Current political tensions greatly influence the Sterling performance. Do you expect the Sterling to remain weak or not? Why?
From here, the Sterling may weaken a little against the Greenback, but that is partly a Dollar strength story. This month, the UK and the EU will begin divorce negotiations and there is some potential for early clashes. Meanwhile, in the US the Federal Reserve will probably be hiking interest rates again, which favours a weaker GBP/USD exchange rate. However, that this year's story.
Next year, as Britain and the EU start to make progress on the Brexit negotiations and the UK economy continues to perform well, the Bank of England will start to think about raising interest rates. We might finally see that exchange rates would respect economic fundamentals more and care less about the political risks. While we may see the Sterling weaken against the Dollar for the remainder of 2017, as long as the UK and EU are making progress on Brexit, the Sterling could begin to strengthen again.
What is your forecast for GBP/USD?
At the current moment, we expect the Cable to trade at 1.22 by the end of the year.